Angina

Angina is the term used to describe the cramp-like pain in the chest resulting from coronary arteries that have been narrowed and hardened by disease. During stressful situations or physical activity when an increase in oxygenated blood flow is required, the hardened arteries go into spasm, this causes pain.

The victim may complain of:

• Pain in or around the centre of the chest, sometimes spreading down to the upper part of the abdomen, or up into the neck or jaw.

• Pain down the arm, possibly accompanied by nausea, sweating and shortness of breath.

What you should do:

• Immediately help the victim into the most comfortable, restful position possible and loosen any tight clothing at the neck and waist. Give him frequent reassurance.
• If he is fully conscious and is carrying his medication, help him to take the tablet, which is usually dissolved under the tongue. The medication will open up the arteries and as the blood flow increases, the victim’s pain will gradually subside.

Important Note:

• If the pain lasts longer than ten minutes, or if there is any deterioration in the victim’s condition, call for an ambulance right away.
  

• If the victim collapses, it is likely that he’s suffering from a heart attack and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may be needed as an emergency measure until the ambulance arrives.