Frostbite

Frostbite is the damage caused to the body as a result of exposure to extreme cold. DO NOT rub or massage the injury and DO NOT apply ointments or cream to the injured area.

The victim may complain of:

• Cold, hard skin
• Loss of feeling and function in the affected extremities
  

Look for:

• Waxy-looking skin
• White, yellow ore blue/grey skin
• Skin that feels hard and cold to the touch
  

What you should do:

• Help the victim into the nearest shelter. Gently and carefully remove any tight clothing or nearby constrictive item such as a watchstrap.
• The frostbitten are should be rewarmed using body heat in the first instance. The hand and fingers can be rewarmed in the victim's opposite armpit; the foot and toe injury can be warmed in a helper's armpit; victim can cover her own nose and ears with her hands.
• If a bowl of warm (not hot) water is available, place the frostbitten part in it, taking care not to let the injured part touch the container. After rewarming, separate fingers and toes with a soft dressing. Cover lightly with a soft, dry dressing. Raise the affected area to reduce swelling and help relieve pain.